Jerusalem, Mar 31: Israel’s parliament, the Knesset, has passed a contentious law introducing the death penalty as the default punishment for Palestinians convicted of carrying out deadly attacks classified as terrorism, prompting sharp domestic and international reactions.
The legislation, backed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and approved by a 62–48 vote, mandates that those sentenced under the law be executed within 90 days, with a possible extension to 180 days. Executions are expected to be carried out by hanging, according to provisions discussed during the legislative process.
Legal Framework and Scope
The law primarily applies to Palestinians tried in Israeli military courts, particularly in the occupied West Bank. It allows courts to impose capital punishment without requiring a prosecutor’s request and permits decisions by a simple majority rather than unanimity.
Detainees sentenced under the law would be held in isolated conditions, with restricted access to visitors and legal counsel conducted via video link.
While the law theoretically applies to all individuals, its criteria—especially regarding intent to undermine the state—mean it is expected to overwhelmingly affect Palestinians.
Government Justification
National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir, a leading proponent of the bill, hailed its passage as a landmark moment, declaring that the government had fulfilled its commitment to take a tougher stance on terrorism.
Supporters argue the measure is intended to deter future attacks and prevent the release of convicted militants in prisoner exchange deals.
Domestic Opposition
However, critics within Israel have questioned both the effectiveness and intent of the law. Opposition leader Yair Golan dismissed it as politically motivated, arguing it would not enhance national security and could instead deepen tensions.
Legal advocacy groups, including the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, have already challenged the legislation, describing it as unconstitutional and discriminatory. The matter is expected to be reviewed by Israel’s Supreme Court.
International Backlash
The law has drawn widespread criticism from global actors. The European Union warned that it represents a step backward for democratic norms, while Spain’s Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez called it an unequal application of justice.
Germany also voiced concern, reiterating its longstanding opposition to capital punishment. In a joint statement, the UK, France, Germany, and Italy cautioned that the legislation risks undermining democratic principles.
Palestinian and Rights Group Response
The Palestinian Authority condemned the move, accusing Israel of institutionalising extrajudicial measures. Meanwhile, Hamas warned that the law endangers Palestinian prisoners.
International rights organisations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, argued the legislation entrenches a dual legal system and erodes fair trial protections.
Historical Context
Israel has rarely used capital punishment. The most prominent execution in its history was that of Nazi official Adolf Eichmann in 1962.
Broader Implications
The law has intensified debate over the balance between security and human rights, with critics warning it could formalise a two-tier justice system and further strain Israel’s international standing.
